1.0 — Brand new to tennis. Learning basic grips, swing paths, and how to make contact consistently.

1.5 — Very limited experience. Can keep a few balls in play at slow pace and is learning court positions and scoring.

2.0 — Little match experience. Developing forehand/backhand form, short rallies possible; beginning serve and return mechanics; basic singles/doubles positions understood.

2.5 — Rallies last a bit longer at slow pace. Starting to anticipate where the ball goes, recovering to ready position, and placing the serve in; footwork and consistency are improving.

3.0 — Fairly consistent on medium-paced balls. Can direct shots crosscourt, get most serves in, and sustain baseline exchanges; still breaks down under pressure or when pulled wide.

3.5 — Dependable strokes with better placement and emerging spin. Net play is serviceable, second serve is more reliable, and basic patterns (build, finish, defend) show up in points.

4.0 — Controls depth and direction with purpose. Handles pace, finishes sitters at net, and uses spin/variety to construct points; starts to recognize and exploit opponent weaknesses.

4.5 — Offensive tools are evident (heavy topspin, pace, slice, or touch). Transitions well, defends and counterattacks consistently, reduces unforced errors, and manages momentum in matches.

5.0 — Power, spin, and variety on demand. Hits through defenses, changes speeds/spins to force errors, and performs under pressure with disciplined shot selection and patterns.

5.5 — Advanced tactical range. Uses disguise, angles, transition pressure, and precise serve+1 patterns; wins consistently at strong open or collegiate levels.

6.0 — National-caliber competitor. Technically complete, tactically sophisticated, and highly successful in elite tournaments.

6.5 — Near-elite national level with results against top domestic fields. Trains and competes with professional standards.

7.0 — Touring professional. World-class physicality, skills, and tournament results.